According to our scriptures, 'the time taken to tear apart the softest of petals of a lotus' is called 'TRUTI'

That means, in a day and night, there are 17,49,60,000,00 Truti altogether. We may just wonder about the genius of our ancient sages and Rishi, because today, in spite of having facilities of modern laboratories and equipments, the modern science could identify 1 (one) second as the shortest division of the time. Thus, according to Western science, there are 86,400 seconds in a day and night, whereas in Indian science, a day and night consists of 17,49,60,00,000 (17,496 million) Truti.
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According to another system, the Time has been divided as follows :

60 Tatpar   =   1 Paras
60 Paras    =    1 Vilipta
60 Vilipta  =   1 Lipta
60 Lipta    =   1 Ghatikaa (Dand) = 24 minutes
60 Ghatikaa  =  1 Day & Night

Therefore, it is clear that there are 46,65,60,000,00 Tatpar in a day and night. This shows that our system can go how far in dividing time, while in the western system the smallest unit of measurement of time is only second.

According to Ved and Allied Literature the duration of 1 Kalp is 4.32 Billion years. One Mahaa-Yug comprising 4 Yug namely, Krit Yug, Tretaa Yug, Dwaapar Yug and Kali Yug is 12, 000 Divine years (i.e. The one Divine year is 360 Human years) or 4,320,000 Human years. And 1000 such Mahaa-Yug are known or Chatu-Yug make One Kalp which is 4.32 billion years.

There are 14 Manu per each Kalp ( for each of the 14 Manvantar which is of 71 Mahaa-Yug plus some years more). We are now in Shwet Varaah Kalp, Vaivaswat Manvantar, 28th Mahaa-Yug Kali, and year 5112.

Manvantar means the Reign of Manu. The First Manu was Swaayambhav and we are in the 7th Manvantar (i.e.) the Reign of 7th Manu who is Vaivaswat Manu, the son of Vivaswaan, The Sun God who is the son of Maharshi Kashyap and Aditi. Vivaswaan is the eldest among the 12 Aaditya - Aaditya means sons of Adit.

One Kalp is one day of Brahmaa Jee. Kali Yaaptam 5112 means 5111 years have elapsed since this Kali Yug started and this 5112nd year is in progress. Brahmaa is the son of Naaraayan and there are 33 Devtaa in this Vaivaswat Manvantar - they are 12 Aaditya, 11 Rudra, 8 Vasu and 2 Ashwinee Kumaar. The first among the 11 Rudra is Shankar who is the son of Brahmaa Jee and the other 10 Rudra are the sons of Lord Shankar. The Naayanmaars combined the 11 Rudra into 1 God and christened that God as Lord Shiv and founded the Shaivism.

There are 14 Lok - Bhoo Lok, Bhuvah Lok, Suvah Lok, Mahar Lok, Jana Lok, Tap Lok, Satya Lok - the 6 of these are in the Northern direction to the Bhoo Lok (Prithvi Lok). Since, Bhoo means the Earth, that is why this Lok is called Bhoo Lok. The other 7 Lok are in the Southern direction to the Earth - they are Atal Lok, Vital Lok, Sutal Lok, Talaatal Lok, Rasaatal Lok, Mahaatal Lok and Paataal Lok. The abode of Lord Brahmaa Jee is Satya Lok, which is the Northern most Lok to the Earth.

Further beyond the Satya Lok, to its North, is Ksheer Saagar meaning Milky Ocean, from where Vishnu takes Avataar and still further beyond Ksheer Saagar to its North is the Holy River Vrajaa and beyond it is Vaikunth - the Shuddhaa-shuddh Lok, the Abode of Para-Brahm Naaraayan.

In Jayapur, Raajasthaan, there is a Jantar-Mantar (astronomical observatory) in which several traditional instruments are there for astronomy - (1) Small Samraat Yantra, (2) Dhruv Yantra, (3) Narivalya Yantra, (4) Small Kraanti Yantra, (5) Raaj Yantra, (6) Unnathaansh Yantra, (7) Dishaa Yantra, (8) Dakshin Yantra, (9) Large Samraat Yantra, (10) Raashi Valaya Yantra, (11) Smaller Raam Yantra, (12) Jaya Prakaash Yantra, (13) Chakra Yantra, (14) Large Raam Yantra, (15) Digant Yantra, and (16) Large Kraanti Yantra. In its Dhruv Yantra, the traditional unit of measuring time is used -

1 human breath = 6 seconds
4 breaths = 1 Pal (24 seconds)
60 Pal = 1 Ghadee (24 minutes)
60 Ghadee = 1 Day (24 hours)
[India Handbook, p 431]