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23-Ved and Vedaang

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23-Ved and Vedaang
6-Naarad Puraan, 1-Poorv Bhaag, p 184-386

This second part of Poorv Bhaag of Naarad Puraan is very big - 153-400=250 pages. It contains a few chapters on grammar astrology, and Chhand. Most of this information is omitted here.


Ved and Vedaang

Naarad Jee asked - "Bhagavan, I have heard that Vyaas Jee's son Shuk Dev Jee had attained Siddhi after detaching himself from this world. Normally human being do not attain knowledge without Satsang, but Shuk Dev Jee attained it in his childhood only, how did this happen? Please tell me about Shuk Dev Jee's birth and Karm." Sanandan Jee said - "I tell you the account of his birth in brief, listen to it. Nobody becomes great by more age, or by gray hair, or by more wealth, or by a large family. Rishi Muni have decided that whoever will be "Anoochaan", he will be greater than others." Naarad Jee asked - "Who is Anoochaan?"

Sanandan Jee said - "Listen to his characteristics. There are four Ved - Rig, Atharv, Yajur and Saam; they are divided in six parts - (1) Shikshaa, (2) Kalp, (3) Vyaakaran (grammar), (4) Nirukt, (5) Jyotish (astrology), and (6) Chhand Shaastra (science of poetry). Whoever studies them from Guru he is called Anoochaan, otherwise nobody can be Anoochaan even after reading millions of books." Naarad Jee said - "Please tell me the characteristics of Ved and their parts." Sanandan Jee said - "While learning Ved, Swar (sound) is main. If Swar is not correct Ved Mantra can give you opposite results. (This happened when Twashtaa created Vritraasur to kill Indra. He pronounced the words (Indrasya Shatruh) with wrong stress, that is why Vritraasur himself was killed instead of he killing Indra.)."

After this Swar Gyaan and Chhand are described here, but not given on these pages.

1. Shikshaa

(Chap 50) Sanandan Jee further said - "One should always take what he can digest easily. One should get up early in the morning and meditate upon Brahm. First of all he should do Daantun (a thin stick of the prescribed tree, preferably Neem or Babool, to use as a tooth brush to clean the teeth), it improves tongue movements so one can pronounce words easily and sweetly. He should take Triphalaa (an Aayurvedic medicine) daily - it keeps one fit. Who are angry, stunt, lazy and sick and whose mind is not stable - these five kinds of people cannot study. Study is done slowly, wealth is earned slowly, one should climb on a mountain slowly, and walk also slowly - one should not walk more than nine miles in a day. Knowledge should be practiced thousand times, should be taught thousand times then it sits on the tongue like this as water crawls down automatically from a height.

Horses of higher species sleep very little, in the same way student also does not sleep for long time. He should not be attracted to women, he should go far in search of knowledge if need be, he should be scared of group pf people as one is scared of snake, one should not extend friendship - only such person can obtain knowledge. Who are coward, proud, fearful from the society, procrastinators, they also cannot obtain knowledge. One must serve Guru sincerely and continuously. Knowledge can be obtained either by serving Guru, or by spending a lot of money or exchanging one knowledge with other. This was Shikshaa part of Ved."

2. Kalp

(Chap 51) Sanandan Jee said - "Now I tell you about Kalp, by knowing which a person get skilled in Karm. Kalp is of five types - Nakshatra Kalp, Ved Kalp, Sanhitaa Kalp, Aangiras Kalp and Shaanti Kalp. In Nakshatra Kalp, the Lords of Nakshatra are described. In Ved Kalp Rig etc Ved are described in detail. They help in attaining Dharm, Arth, Kaam and Moksh. In Sanhitaa Kalp, Muni have told about Rishi, Chhand and Devtaa of Mantra. In Aangiras Kalp, Brahmaa Jee himself has described six types of Karm. In Shaanti Kalp, ways to pacify Divine, earth and space related evil events are given.

Griha Kalp is useful for everybody that is why I will describe here only that. In earlier times two words came out of Brahmaa's throat - "Aum" and "Ath", therefore they are auspicious. Who does a Shaastra prescribed Karm and wishes to raise them, he should pronounce "Ath", this makes that Karm immortal.

Method of doing Yagya has been described here, but is not given here.

Ganesh Poojan is prescribed when one doesn't get kingdom in spite of being the son of a king, an unmarried girl doesn't get favorable husband (p 201), a married woman doesn't get a son, a learned person doesn't get the position of professor, a student cannot study properly, a Vaishya doesn't make money in trading and a farmer doesn't get profit in farming. 

Method of pacifying planets is given here, but is not given here.

Whenever, whichever planet is situated in 8th or evil house of one's horoscope, he should especially worship him in those days. Brahmaa Jee has given them Var that whoever worships you, you should also fulfill their wishes. Wealth of kings, progress of communities, birth and death of this world - all are under the control of these planets, therefore these planets should be worshipped by everybody. Who worships Soorya Dev, Skand Swaamee (Kaartikeya) and Ganesh Jee he surely attains Siddhi. He gets success in every work and good wealth. Who worships planets without worshipping Maatrikaa, Maatrikaa get angry with them so one should always worship Maatrikaa before worshipping planets. Names of 16 Maatrikaa are - Gauree, Padmaa, Shachee, Medhaa, Saavitree, Vijayaa, Jayaa, Devsenaa, Swadhaa, Swaahaa, Maatrikaayen, Vaidhriti, Dhriti, Pushti, Hrishti, and Tushti. Along with them one should worship his own Kul Devee and Ganesh Jee also.

Now I will describe Pitra Kalp. This is the giver of wealth and children. Amaavasyaa, Vriddhi (the time of birth, marriage etc), Krishn Paksh, the beginning day of both Ayan (Uttaraayan and Dakshinaayan), Vishuvat Yog (when day and night are of equal time - on 22 March and 23 September), Soorya Sankraanti, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, and a desire to do Shraadh - these all are said to be the occasions for Shraadh. Vasu, Rudra and Aaditya - these are the three types of Devtaa for Shraaddh. After they themselves are satisfied by people, they satisfy Pitar and when Pitar are satisfied then they bestow long life, wealth, education, Swarg, Moksh, pleasures and kingdom etc to people. Now I will describe Vyaakaran Shaastra.

3. Vyaakaran Shaastra (Graammar)
(Chap 53, p 207-241). Not given here.

4. 3-Part Jyotish

(Chap 54-56, p 241-374) Sanandan Jee said - "Now I will describe Jyotish named Vedaang which was told by Brahmaa Jee in olden times. People can complete Dharm by this. Jyotish Shaastra comprises of 400,000 (4 Lakh) Shlok divided among three Skandh (parts, or chapters) - mathematics (Siddhaant), Jaatak (Horaa), and Sanhitaa.*

Note - According to some people there are five parts of Jyotish - Siddhaant, Horaa, Sanhitaa, Swar and Saamudrik. Siddhaant is the same as mathematics, and Horaa is the same as Jaatak.

(1) Mathematics
Include: Parikarm (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square, square root, cube and cube root), and the method of explaining planets. Beside, Anuyog (knowledge of place, direction and time), lunar eclipse, solar eclipse, rising and setting (Sun or Moon), Chhaayaa (shadow of one planet on another), Chandra Shringonnati (effects of Dwiteeyaa Moon), joined planets. In mathematics part, Parikarm mathematics - name of numbers and method of solving many kinds of problems, are given.
(mathematics part is not given here, p 242-255).

Now listen to Grah etc related mathematics. There are 4,320,000 years in four Yug. Its 1/10th part, multiplied by 4 is Sat Yug (432,000 x 4 = 1,728,000 years); its 1/10th part, multiplied by 3 is Tretaa Yug (432,000 x 3 = 1,296,000 years); its 1/10th part, multiplied by 2 is Dwaapar Yug (432,000 x 2 = 864,000 years); and its 1/10th part is Kali Yug (432,000 years). 71 Chatur-Yug plus one Sat Yug is equal to one Manvantar (this is Brahmaa Jee's one day). There are 14 Manu in Brahmaa's one day, and he has the same time period in his night.

Days and Months in Four Yug - Whatever is the time from one sunrise to another sunrise, that is called Bhaum Vaasar or Saavan Vaasar (they are one day and night). They are 1,577,917,828 in one Chatur-Yug . Chandra Vaasar (Moon days) are 1,603,000,080. Adhimaas (extra months) are 1,593,336. Tithikshaya (loss of days) are 25,082,252.  Saur months (solar months) are 51,840,000, and lunar months are 53,433,336

Diameter of Prithvi (earth) is 1,600 Yojan. If you take a square of this number (1,600) and multiply it by 10, then take its square root, that is the circumference of Prithvi.

1600 x 1600 = 2,560,000
2,560,000 x 10 = 25,600,000
Its square root is 5059.64 Yojan - that is the circumference of Prithvi.

The creation was started from midnight at Rekhaa Desh, therefore the day (Sunday, Monday etc) starts from there only at midnight. Whatever places are situated on the line from Lankaa to Sumeru Parvat, they are called Rekhaa Desh, such as Ujjayinee, Rohtak, Kurukshetra etc. (p 259) Rekhaa Desh line taking as midnight, east to Rekhaa Desh is time backward, and west to Rekhaa Desh is time forward. Sunday, Monday etc days start from Rekhaa Desh line.
p 259-278 is mathematics, not given here

(2) Jaatak
(Ch 55, p 278-317) Includes: difference of Raashi (signs), Grah Yoni (about planets - their type, form, characteristics etc), birth, Graha Dashaa, Niryaan (death related information), Nasht Janm Vidhaan (to know the unknown time of birth). (p 313). There are 6 parts - House (Raashi or Zodiac signs - one sign is of 30 degrees), Horaa (one Horaa is of 15 degrees), Dreshkaan (1/10th part of a sign), Navamaansh (1/9the part of a sign), Dwaadashaansh (1/12th part of a sign) and Trinshaansh (1/30th part of a sign, means one degree of a sign). All astrological predictions depend on these places. This whole chapter is devoted to astrological interpretations.

Both Soorya and Mangal show their effect as they enter the House (Zodiac sign); Shukra and Brihaspati show their effects while they are in the middle of the House; and Chandramaa and Shani show their effects when they are in the last 1/3rd part of the House. But Budh shows his effects in the whole House.

(3) Sanhitaa
(Ch 56, p 317-374) includes many miscellaneous useful topics: speed of Grah, Tithi (days - 1-14 plus Poornimaa and Amaavasyaa), Nakshatra, Yog, Karan, Muhoort, Upagrah, Soorya Sankraanti, Grah Gochar, strength of Chandrammaa and Taaraa, time of Sanskaar, traveling Muhoort etc.  Results of comets; results of various planets transiting in various Nakshatra; Time Measurement; auspicious and inauspicious Nakshatra for various jobs; auspicious and inauspicious planets placement in horoscope (p 336-337); about Sanskaar performance; 21 mistakes in marriages; necessary things to consider in marriage; establishing Devtaa idol; Vaastu Shaastra (p 357-364); about traveling (p 364-369); omens and bad omens etc.

There are nine types of measurements to measure time --

(1) Braahm (related to Brahmaa), 
(2) Daiv (related to Devtaa), 
(3) Maanav (related to human beings), 
(4) Pitrya (related to Pitar), 
(5) Saur (solar) - This measurement helps to know all kinds of speed of all planets.
(6) Saavan - This measurement helps to know the time of rains.

(7) Chaandra (lunar) - Sanskaar time (Yagyopaveet, Mundan) Tithi (day), Lord of the year, festivals, fasting days are known by this measurement. Whatever time Moon takes to go through all Nakshatra (approximately 29 days), it is called Naakshatra (related to Nakshatra or lunar) month. From Shukla Pratipadaa (1st day) its 29 days' Lords are (1) Brahmaa, (2) Agni, (3) Viranchi, (4) Vishnu, (5) Gauree, (6) Ganesh, ((7) Yam, (8) Sarp (snake), (9) Chandramaa (Moon), (10) Kaartikeya, (11) Soorya (Sun), (12) Indra, (13) Mahendra, (14) Vaasav, (15) Naag, (16) Durgaa, (17) Dand-dhar, (18) Shiv, (19) Vishnu, (20) Ravi, (21) Hari, (22) Kaam Dev, (23) Shankar, (24) Kalaadhar, (25) Yam, (26) Chandramaa, (27) Vishnu, (28) Kaam Dev, and (29) Shiv.

(8) Naakshatra (related to constellations) - Ghadee, Muhoort etc in a year are known by this measurement.

(9) Baarhaspatya (related to Brihaspati or Jupiter) - This measurement helps to know Prabhav etc years. According to this measurement, they have their different years, each of 12 months. By the medium speed of Jupiter, there are 60 Samvatsar (year). Their names are --

(1) Prabhav, (2) Vibhav, (3) Shukla, (4) Pramod, (5) Prajaapati, (6) Angiraa, (7) Shreemukh, (8) Bhaav, (9) Yuvaa,
(10) Dhaataa, (11) Eeshwar, (12) Bahudhaanya, (13) Pramaathee, (14) Vikram, (15) Vrish, (16) Chitrabhaanu,
(17) Subhaanu, (18) Taaran, (19) Paarthiv, (20) Vyaya, (21) Sarvjit, (22) Sarvdhaaree, (23) Virodhee, (24) Vikrit,
(25) Khar, (26) Nandan, (27) Vijaya, (28) Jaya, (29) Manmath, (30) Durmukh, (31) Hemlamb, (32) Vilamb,
(33) Vikaaree, (34) Sharvaree, (35) Plav, (36) Shubhkrit, (37) Shobhan, (38) Krodhee, (39) Vishwaavasu,
(40) Paraabhav, (41) Plavang, (42) Keelak, (43) Saumya, (44) Samaan, (45) Virodhkrit, (46) Paribhaavee,
(47) Pramaadee, (48) Aanand, (49 )Raakshas, (50) Anal, (51) Pingal, (52) Kaalyukt, (53) Siddhaarth,
(54) Raudra, (55) Durmati, (56) Dundubhi, (57) Rudhirodgaaree, (58) Raktaaksh, (59) Krodhan, and (60) Kshaya.

All these years give fruits according to their name and form. Five years make a Yug. The Lords of the five years are -- (1) Agni (Fire), (2) Soorya (Sun), (3) Chandramaa (Moon), (4) Brahmaa, and (5) Shiv.

Thus there are 12 Yug in 60 Samvatsar (years). The Lords of those Yug are like this -- (1) Vishnu, (2) Brihaspati (Jupiter), (3) Indra, (4) Lohit, (5) Twashtaa, (6) Ahirbudhnya, (7) Pitar, (8) Vishwedev, (9) Chandramaa (Moon), (10) Indraagni, (11) Ashwinee Kumaar, and (12) Bhag.

Griha Pravesh (entering home), Bhagavaan's idol's Pratishthaa, Yagyopaveet, any other auspicious Karm should be performed in Uttaraayan months. They are prohibited to do in Dakshinaayan months, if at all one has to perform any of them, one should do special Poojaa for it.

From Maagh (Makar or Capricorn), there are Shishir, Vasant and Greeshm, three seasons in Uttaraayan, each of two months; and from Kark (Cancer) there are Varshaa (rains), Sharad (Fall) and Hemant (winter) three seasons in Dakshinaayan. From Pratipadaa of Shukla Paksh starts the month and ends on Amaavasyaa. From one Sun Sankraanti to another Sun Sankraanti is Saur Maas (solar month). 30 days make a Saavan Maas. 

Every month has two fortnights - Dev Paksh (Shukla Paksh) and Pitra Paksh (Krishn Paksh). Both these Paksh are considered while performing auspicious and inauspicious Karm.

When Sun Sankraanti takes place, whatever type of Chandramaa is for a person, auspicious or inauspicious, he gets Chandramaa's fruits according to that type of Chandramaa only. All events depend on planets, that is why one should take special care of his planets. Marriages must not be performed if Chandramnaa is with any other planet at that time. Daughter should not be married within six months of son's marriage. In fact two auspicious Karm should not be performed within six months. 

Abhijit is not a Nakshatra, but a certain time period; but some people consider Abhijit as Nakshatra. This time period, Abhijit, is very auspicious Muhoort and it falls in day time - one Ghadee (24 minutes) before and one Ghadee after 12.00 pm (11.35 am - 12.25 pm). Even if the whole Panchaang is not auspicious, even then to travel during this period is auspicious. (p 367) If there is any auspicious occasion, Sanskaar or Sootakin the house, then one should not travel without completing it.

(5) Chhand

(p 374-386) Sanandan Jee said - "Hey Naarad, Now I tell you about Chhand. All the three higher casts are allowed to study Ved along with their six parts - Shikshaa, Kalp, Vyaakaran, Nirukt, astrology, and Chhand. Chhand are of two types - Vaidik (used in Ved) and Laukik (used in history - Mahaabhaarat and Raamaayan, Puraan, poetry etc). By vowels and consonants they are again subdivided into two each - Maatrik Chhand and Varnik Chhand. Maatrik Chhand are those which are constructed with certain fashion of vowels; and Maatrik Chhand are those which have certain number of consonants. There are 1-28 letter Chhand in Sanskrit language.

 

 

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Created by Sushma Gupta on 3/15/05
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Updated on 05/17/13