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Kaalakeya Daanav were 60,000 Daanav who were the sons of Kashyap Jee from his Kaalakaa wife. According to Raamaayan and Mahaabhaarat, Kaalakaa and Pulomaa were the daughters of Daksh. Both were married to Kashyap Jee and bore 60,000 distinguished sons. They were called Kaalakeya and Paulomaa respectively. Mahaabhaarat says that Kaalakaa did a severe Tap to bear children without any pain. These Daanav were very powerful, ferocious and cruel. Arjun killed all of them at the request of Indra while Paandav were in exile, and he went to Swarg to obtain Divine weapons from his father Indra. Pulomaa had one daughter also, named Shachee who was married to Indra.

Why did Indra asked Arjun to kill them? Because they could not be killed by any Devtaa, Gandharv, Daitya etc. They could only be killed by a human being.

But Vishnu Puraan says that Kaalakeya Raakshas were sons of a Daanav, called Vaishwaanar and were killed by Devtaa while they hid in sea.

Kaalakeya, Indra and Agastya
Padm Puraan, 1/14, gives the description as how they were killed - Once there was an Asur names Vritraasur. It was very difficult for Indra to kill him, so he went to Brahmaa Jee and stated his problem. He asked him to go to Maharshi Dadheechi and ask for his bones and make a Vajra from his bones. Indra went to Dadheechi and asked for his bones which he readily gave to him. Then Vishwakarmaa made the Vajra out of his bones and with that Vajra Indra could kill Vritraasur. All Kaalakeya Daanav were with Vritraasur. So as Vritraasur was killed, other Daanav started running away and hid in the sea. When they had hidden in the ocean, Devtaa went to Muni Agastya Jee and requested him to dry the ocean so that they can find those Daitya and kill them. Agastya Jee went to the sea shore and dried the ocean just by drinking three sips of water (read Agastya Muni Drank the Ocean). Devtaa found the Daitya and killed many of them, but still some escaped and hid somewhere else.

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