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Notes A-M
18 Teerth
Kanikaa has told the
following 18 Teerth of a King - (1) the minister, (2) the chief priest, (3) the
heir-presumptive, (4) the commander-in-chief, (5) the gate-keepers of the court,
(6) persons in the inner apartments, (7) the jailor, (8) the chief surveyor, (9)
the head of the treasury, (10) the general executant of orders, (11) the chief
of the town police, (12) the chief architect, (13) the chief justice, (14) the
president of the council, (15) the chief of the punitive department, (16) the
commander of the fort, (17) the chief of the arsenal, (18) the chief of the
frontier guards, and (19) the keeper of the forests.
(Back)
[MBH, 1/142]
Notes-1
Altogether seven
questions are asked here. The first is about the dissolution of the body. The
second relates to the manner of re-acquiring a body. The third has reference to
the manner in which rebirth may be avoided. The fourth relates to the causes
that operate for giving a body to Jeev. By Prakriti is meant Nature or
that Nescience which is the cause of body. The fifth relates to the Anyat
or Param, that is, how final Emancipation or absorption into
Brahman takes place. The sixth pertains to the manner in which the fruits of
acts are enjoyed or endured. The seventh enquires after the way in which acts
attach to Jeev even when devoid of a body.
Arjun and Karn
It is so surprising
that once Indra saved Soorya from Vritraasur and gave light to world, the same
Soory's son Karn was killed by Indra's son Arjun. Indra himself helped Arjun in
this by asking Karn's "Kundal and Kavach" in alms.
Arjun Defeats Karn
Arjun defeated Karn several times - (1) First when the fight occurred at the
time of Draupadee's Swayamvar; (2) Then he defeated him when Duryodhan attacked
at Kaampilya Nagaree after Draupadee's marriage; (3) Then he defeated him at the
time when Duryodhan attacked at Virat Nagar to identify Paandav.
Arjun Kills Dhritraashtra's 10 Sons
This is surprising, because Bheem took the vow to kill all sons of Dhritraashtra,
and here Arjun killed 10 of them. Then what happened to Bheem's vow?
(G-6-War, 34-battle-17-3)
Arjun's Chariot
Krishn was Arjun's Saarathee and Hanumaan was sitting on his chariot's flag
according to his promise to Bheem. Arjun got this chariot and his Gaandeev bow
from Agni Dev when he fed him by burning Khaandav Van.
Arjun's Ten Names
Arjun said to Uttar - "My ten names are - Arjun, Phalgun, Jishnu, Kireet, Shwetvaahan, Vibhatsu, Vijaya, Paarth, Savyasaachee and Dhananjaya.
[MBH, 4-Viraat Parv, Sec 44]
(1) Arjun - My complexion is unique like Arjun tree, and my name is stainless, that is why I am named
as Arjun.
(2) Phalgun - I was born on the slopes of Himvaan in a place called Satsring on a day when the star
Uttaraa Phaalgunee was in ascent, that is why my name is Phalgun.
(3) Jishnu - I am called Jishnu because because I am terrible when I am angry.
(4) Kireet - My father Indra gave me a beautiful crown when I was with him, that is why I am called
Kireet.
(5) Shwetvaahan - My horses which were given to me by Agni Dev are white, that is why I am called
Shwetvaahan too.
(6) Veebhatsu - I have never fought by unfair means in any battle that is why I am called Vibhatsu.
(7) Vijaya - I always fight till end and I always win, that is why I am called Vijaya.
(8) Paarth - My mother's original name is Prithaa, so I am also called Paarth.
(9) Savyasaachee - I never frighten my enemies by meanness, I can shoot with my both hands, that is
why I am called Savyashachee.
(10) Dhananjaya - I was called Dhanajaya when I conquered all the kings at the time of Raajsooya
Yagya and collected wealth from all of them.
Bheeshm and Karn
There are several similarities between Bheeshm and Karn --
--Both are originated from Heavens - Dyaus and Soorya Dev
--Both have emerged out of Gangaa River
--Both are the disciple of Parashuraam
--Both are advisors of Kaurav court - Bheeshm to the representative ruler and Karn to the actual ruler
--Both were the Commander-in-Chief of Kaurav army and were major hindrances to win
Bheeshm's Death
It was told to Bheeshm in the Heaven itself before coming to Earth, that he must
die when the Sun is in northern solstice, otherwise he will not be able to come
back to his previous position of Vasu. He was the eighth Vasu left on Prithvi to
bear the Shaap of Vashishth. The rest seven left Prithvi through the grace of Gangaa. That is why he was very particular about the time of his death.
Bows
There were only three celestial bows in Mahaabhaarat - Gaandeev of Varun with
Arjun, Vijaya of Indra with Rukmee, and Shaarng of Vishnu with Krishn.
Gaandeev
was obtained by Arjun through Agni Dev at the time of Khaandav Van burning,
Vijaya
was obtained by Rukmee from Drone, and
Shaarng bow was obtained by Krishn at the
time of slaying Narakaasur, recovering various kinds of gems and jewels, 16,000
girls and mother Aditi's earrings from there.
Cleaned Himself
During the days of mourning, after the death of a person in a family, a person
is considered unclean. He cannot perform his daily worship and other religious
rites during that period. After completing all ceremonies related to it, the man
is supposed to be clean, and he can resume his normal duties. Normally it is of
13 days.
Cubit
It is used to measure a length of a linear thing in Middle Ages and early modern
times. It was measured from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow of a normal
person. A natural cubit measures 24 digits, or 6 palms (6 times distance between
the two opposite lines of a palm), or 45 centimeters, or 18 inches.
Dhan (Wealth)
Garud explains Dhan as wealth. He said to Gaalav Muni - "Because it is
created by Agni (fire), and augmented by Vaayu (air), and Earth itself is said
to be Hiranyamaya, that is why wealth is called Hiranya. And because wealth
supports the world and sustains life, it is called Dhan. To meet these two ends
Dhan exists in the world since the beginning."
Dharm, Arth, Kaam, Moksh
There are four aims of people in this world - Dharm, Arth, Kaam, and Moksh. All
people work only to achieve these aims only.
(1) Dharm (religion) - One's own nature and duty towards others. Everybody has his
own Dharm towards others, so one should follow his own Dharm. To know about one's own Dharm,
people should read ethics, religious books and study their own nature. People in this world
always want to earn some Dharm, that is why they do charity work, give donations, do good to others etc.
(2) Arth means wealth. Another aim of life is to earn money. (see Dhan above)
(3) Kaam (desires). Everybody has some kind of desire in this world and he always
wishes that they should be fulfilled. The problem with the desires is that they are never
fulfilled completely. As soon as one desire is fulfilled, another one arises, and the man
starts fulfilling that desire. There is no end of them.
(4) Moksh (emancipation). Everybody wishes for Moksh so that he is freed from the cycle
of births and rebirths.
Divine Pot
Draupadee had a divine pot (Akshaya Paatra), given by Soorya Dev to feed Braahman who depended on
Yudhishthir. Yudhishthir got it by worshipping Soorya. It used to give food until Draupadee had
eaten her food.
Four Elephants
In Hindu mythology there are four elephants (some say they are ten). The reference of
these elephants comes at two places: (1) In Vaalmeeki Raamaayan, in Kishkindhaa Kaand,
when Sugreev sends his Vaanar in search of Seetaa, he mentions about them; and (2) In
Bhaagvat Puraan, 9th Skandh, in the story of Raajaa Sagar, when his 60,000 sons went
in the search of their father's Yagya horse, and they dug the earth, they met these four
elephants. Even Anshumaan, Sagar's grandson, also met them.
Four Kinds of Subjects
Oviparous, Viviparous, those born of filth, and the vegetables.
Fourth State
There are three states of consciousness in case of an ordinary man, waking, dreaming
and sound sleep. The fourth state that is realized only by Yogee, is called Tureeya.
It is the state of perfect unconsciousness of this world, when the soul, abstracted
within itself, is said to be fixed upon Supreme Being or some single object.
Gangaa
It is believed that Gangaa came here, in Bindusar, in three streams. In Heaven
she is called Mandaakinee, on Earth she is called Gangaa, and in subterraneous
world she is called Bhogvatee. Then divided herself in seven streams - Vaswokasar,
Nalinee, Saraswatee, Jambonadee, Seetaa, Gangaa and Sindhu. Saraswatee is visible
in some parts, and not visible in some parts.
Garud's Descendents
Read about them in "Story of Maatali".
Harder Rules
The rule laid down here is that he should eat in the morning for three days, eat in
the evening for next three days, eat nothing but without soliciting for next
three days, fast altogether for the next three days. This is called Krishchar
Bhojan. Observing this rule for six years one can cleanse his sin for slaying
a Braahman. The harder rule referred to is eating in the morning for seven days,
in the evening for the next seven days, eating but without soliciting for next
seven days, and fast altogether for the next seven days.
Ichchhaa Mrityu
This boon was given to Bheeshm (Devavrat) by his father Shaantanu when he got
pleased on sacrifice of Bheeshm that he wouldn't marry at all so that Satyavatee
and Shaantanu's children can rule Hastinaapur. In this boon, Bheeshm had full
control on his death as whenever he wanted to die, he could die.
Limbs
The limbs that should be 'prominent' or 'elevated' in order to constitute an
indication of beauty or auspiciousness are variously mentioned. The general
opinion seems to be that these are six only, the back of each palm, the two
dorsa, and the two bosoms should be elevated. Another opinion would seem to
indicate that the two bosoms, the two hips, and the two eyes should be so. The
seven that should be delicate or slender are unanimously mentioned as the skin,
the hair, the teeth, the fingers of the hands, the fingers of the feet, the
waist, and the neck. The three that should be deep are the navel, the voice, and
the understanding. The five that should be red are the two palms, the two outer
corners of the eyes, the tongue, the nether and the upper lips, and the palate.
These five also, are variously given.
Muhoort
About 50 minutes time.
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