Tornados are Measured ....
The Fujita Scale (F-scale) or Fujita Pearson Scale is the scale for rating Tornado intensity.

Earthquakes are Measured on which scale?
On Richter Scale 1-10. Normally over 5-6 earthquakes are considered serious.

Wind velocity is measured by ....?
On Beaufort scale - 0 is calm and 12 is hurricane.

Air Pressure is measured by  ...  ?
By Barometer

Dry Things are Measured...?
Dry solids, sugar, flour, beans, etc are measured by Pounds (Imperial)
         or  Kilograms (Metric) 
         or in Bushel - a unit of dry measure containing 4 pecks, equivalent in the US (and formerly in England) to 2150.42 cubic inches or 35.24 liters
         (Winchester bushel) and in Great Britain to 2219.36 cubic inches or 36.38 liters (Imperial bushel).

Liquid is measured by...?
Liquids, milk, oil, water etc are measured by Gallons (Imperial),  or  Liters (Metric)
Crude oil is measured by Barrel - 42 US Gallons make a Barrel

Land, Floors, etc are Measured in Square
Land and floors etc are normally measured by feet and yards and furlong and miles (Imperial)
         or by Meters, Kilometers  (Metric) -- but in square (Length X Breadth)

Length and Distance on Land
Cloth, sticks, trees are measured by feet and yards and furlong and miles
         or by Meters, Kilometers  (Metric)

Length and Distance in Sea
When one in sea or ocean the distance is measured  by Nautical miles.
Nautical Mile is a unit of length that is about one minute of arc of latitude measured along any meridian, or about one minute of arc of longitude at the Equator (both at sea level). By international agreement it has been set at 1,852 meters exactly (about 6,076 feet).

Or 1.852 Meters (exactly),   or 
6076 feet approximately  / 3 = 2025.3 yards =

Tanks, Boxes, Refrigerator in Cubic...
Tanks, Boxes and Refrigerators etc are measured by feet and yards and furlong and miles
         or by meters, Kilometers  (Metric) -- but in cubic (Length X Breadth X Height)

Temperature
Temperature is measured by Fahrenheit  or  Celsius (Metric)

A human being's temperature should be 98.6 degree Fahrenheit  or    36 degree Celsius

Water will boil at 212 degree Fahrenheit   or   at 100 degree Celsius

Water will freeze at 32 degree Fahrenheit   or    at 0 degree Celsius.

Time
Time is measured in Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks, Months, and Years.
60 Seconds  =  1 Minute
60 Minutes  =  1 Hour
24 Hours     =  1 Day
7 Days        =  1 Week
4 Weeks      =  1 Month 
12 Months     =  1 Year  [52 Weeks  =  1 Years]

What is AM and PM
Their full form is Ante Meridian (before Meridian) and Post Meridian (past Meridian)

There is an International Time Line going from North to South.
It has been decided that the Sun rise starts from Japan. That is 0 degree Longitude. When it strikes 12.00 AM there, there is 12,00 PM in London
The International Time Line passes through London. All time is calculated from this Time Line.
To the right or East of International Time Line there is +1, +2 etc and to its left or West it is -1, -2 etc.

Eg India is +5.30 hours from this Time Line - it means when 12 PM is in London, in India there will be +5.30 hours later - means 5.30 PM.
American Eastern Time is -5 hours Time Line - in the same way at that time in New York there will be 7 AM.

meridian

Noise
Noise is measured by Decibel (dB). Decibel is a logarithmic unit. A decibel is 1/10th of a bel (deci + bel), a seldom-used unit named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell.

Hotness of Pepper is Measured by...?
Hotness of pepper, or anything derived from hot chilies, is measured in Scoville. In 1912, Wilbur L Scoville, a pharmacist, devised the first modern technique for measuring a pepper’s bite. The measure is still used to this day by spice companies and sauce manufacturers everywhere. In fact, if all known peppers were measured using this technique, their scale of pungency would range from 0 Scoville units, for the bell pepper, to 350,000 units, for the Mexican habanero.

Power of the food is measured by....?
Power of the food is measured by Calories.