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Vishuv has only one meaning in Sanskrit : "equal".
Vishuv Kaal has only two meanings in Jyotish :
(1) the two solar Sankraanti when day is equal to night in tropical reckoning, now falling around 22 Mar and 21 Sep. It has no significance in astrology.
(2) Mesh and Tulaa Niraayan solar Sankraanti when Sun passes into its exaltation and debilitation signs. Niraayan Sankraanti have special astrological importance.
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The importance of Kaal arises from the "point of entry into a sign until it stays there in it". This is said to "give rise to stimulation radioactive disintegration to lead to psychophysical changes in character and and personality". This is what BV Raman has mentioned in his book "Hindu Predictive Astrology" in the chapter of Gochar Phal (transit of a planet).

As we know that there are three ways in which Gochar is considered as point of entry based on time - "known Vish Kalaa ( Kalaa means rays)
1. From Ascendant
2. Natal Moon to Gochar Moon - we consider here on basis of Murty Nirnaya
3. Nakshtra or Taaraa Balam

The issue of Kalaa comes with the reference to Dashaa and Bhaav; if considered for natal purposes and for Prashn purpose. Bhaav along with planet influencing it, play a role to resolve issues and problems. For this the followings are good
1. Brihat Sanhitaa -Transit of planets
2. BPHS
3. Prashn Shad Panchikaa - In this the astrologer is considered Muhoort Gun Dosh' to assess capacity and powers of the "forces and energies contained in the womb" of all powerful Time (Kaal)
4. Gochar Nirnaya or Timing of the event
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The explanation of Vishuv (means equal) here is that the zodiac is divided into to 2 equal parts and each starting (this is starting of a
season to in past) is called Vishuv Kaal, otherwise Taantrikally and Yogically these are periods of Praan adjusts to universal rhythm (all
Sankranti is like that but here some people give importance to Vishuv Sankraanti.

Mesh Sankraanti and Tulaa Sankraanti are two Vishuv Sankraanti which are also known as Vasant Sampat and Sharad Sampat respectively. These are conceptually equivalent to Vernal Equinox and Autumnal Equinox in Hindu calendar and these Vishuv Sankraanti(s) are drifting apart from seasonal Equinoxes due to precession of the Earth. After thousands of years these Vishuv Sankranti(s) will coincide again with seasonal
Equinoxes.

For these two Sankraanti(s), 15 Ghatee(s) before the sankraanti moments and 15 Ghatee(s) after the Sankraanti moments are considered for auspicious activities (one Ghatee is 24 minutes so 15 Ghatee means 6 hours, one full day has 60 Ghatee.

Part of Muhoort (and not on personal charts) and Indian astrology zodiac is based on Time (Kaalam) not seasons hence we take this way
In Mesh Sankraanti predictions (Mesh Sankraanti is considered as New Year day of nature but it is Abhijit Muhoort for Devtaa or gods )
we can compare chart indications and Sankraanti chart and compare the year from one Mesh Sankranthi to other Mesh Sankraanti.

The importance is for Sankraman (transit), the first rays known as Vishu of the Sun and the Moon and that Kaal has importance for worship and Tantra. Most of the Sankramana assume importance for worship and Poojaa by Taantrik Paddhati.

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